Abstract: The exchange and interaction between ancient Shu and Huaxia is long and can be divided into three stages. The first stage of ethnic interaction, migration and fusion, recombination between the ancient Shu in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaxia in the Yellow River could be traced back to the Five Emperors and Three Dynasties Period, the interactions might appear intermittently, but overall interactions always existed. The second stage was during the period of Shang Dynasty, Shu and Shang Dynasty were the regional rulers at the same time, wars and peace happened between them; starting from the Three Dynasties, the Central Plains won the geopolitical advantages, made the Shu choose to surrender much of the time. The interactions between them were recorded in the oracle inscriptions, and confirmed in the unearthed relics of Sanxingdui, Sichuan. The third stage was during the Zhou Dynasties, the interactions between the ancient Shu and the Central Plains were deepening and further integrated, they helped supply each other’s needs in materials and culture, and their systems and customs converged gradually. Qin annexed Shu, Shu was integrated into the Huaxia politically, but the integration of its culture needed a longer time, and after the integration it still maintained a distinctive local haracteristics in the Chinese civilization, this reveals the great inclusiveness of Chinese civilization, the pluralistic harmony but not sameness.
Key words: the ancient Shu; ancient China; the interaction and fusion